4 Health Benefits of Brazil Nuts

Brazil nuts are packed with a ton of vitamins and minerals, so it's not surprising they are growing in popularity. These nuts, which make a quick and nutritious snack, provide antioxidants and reduce inflammation in the body.^1,2 Other benefits of Brazil nuts include improved cognition and blood sugar management.^3,4

Brazil nuts, which originated in the Amazon rainforest, are shaped similarly to a kidney bean with a hard outer shell and a creamy, buttery inner seed or nut. Not only are Brazil nuts large and nutrient-dense, but they also are rich in selenium. This is largely due to the complex soil of the Amazon River.¹

The soil content of selenium in the Amazon River gives Brazil nuts the unique benefit of improving health by boosting selenium levels. Read on to learn about Brazil nuts nutrition, including how to add them to your diet and whether you need to "activate" them by soaking them in water.

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Contain Antioxidants

Selenium is an antioxidant that's important for the immune system and thyroid health, especially in the conversion of T4 thyroid hormone to active T3 thyroid hormone. The mineral can also be helpful in lowering TPO antibodies found in most cases of Hashimoto's disease.⁵ This thyroid disease causes inflammation that results in hypothyroidism, or decreased thyroid function.⁶

Keep in mind that thyroid health requires looking at overall gut health, cortisol levels, and glucose (sugar) or insulin regulation.^7,8 The thought that adding these nuts to your daily, regular diet will correct a thyroid problem would only be looking at one piece of the puzzle.

Improving your thyroid health extends well beyond Brazil nut consumption. Brazil nuts' antioxidant content can also reduce the risk of several diseases.⁹ As an antioxidant, selenium helps decrease oxidative stress, which can lead to cell damage if unbalanced. Research has shown that this cell damage may contribute to the onset of illnesses like cancer, diabetes, and heart disease.²

May Reduce Inflammation

Antioxidants like selenium go beyond thyroid health and can also possibly reduce inflammation in the body.¹ Chronic (long-term) inflammation may increase your risk of cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Reducing inflammation might protect against these illnesses.²

Selenium also increases levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), an enzyme that helps decrease inflammation and oxidative stress.¹⁰

Can Help With Cognition

Brazil nuts are a source of selenium and ellagic acid, both of which may support cognitive health. Ellagic acid is a polpyhenol, or a compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Research has shown that ellagic acid may protect brain health.¹¹

Some evidence suggests that low levels of selenium may contribute to illnesses that negatively impact cognition, such as Alzheimer's disease. Increasing selenium levels may improve reasoning and thinking. A study published in 2022 found that cognition improved among older adults who ate one Brazil nut daily for six months.⁴

May Improve Blood Sugar Regulation

Selenium has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, thus decreasing blood sugar levels, in people with type 2 diabetes.³ Insulin is a hormone that helps move glucose into the cells. Insulin resistance, in which the cells do not respond to insulin, is a hallmark characteristic of type 2 diabetes.¹²

Nutrition of Brazil Nuts

A serving of Brazil nuts (about two whole nuts) can offer the following nutrients:¹³

• Calories: 62
• Fat: 6 grams (g)
• Saturated fat: 1.5 g
• Unsaturated fat: 4.5 g
• Sodium: 0.28 milligrams (mg)
• Carbohydrates: 1.11 g
• Fiber: 0.71 g
• Added sugars: 0 g
• Protein: 1.35 g

Brazil nuts are rich in vitamin E, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, and selenium. These nuts are also a source of unsaturated fats and fiber essential for heart health.¹³ The high fat content also makes these nuts very calorically dense. It's important to watch portion sizes when consuming Brazil nuts.

Risks

Brazil nuts can be beneficial to your overall health, but it's important to eat them in moderation. You might buy these nuts in small quantities and use them less than daily to prevent excess selenium intake.

Overconsuming Brazil nuts pose a number of health risks, such as selenium toxicity. This might look like diarrhea, nausea, a metallic taste in the mouth, and hair loss, among other symptoms. Extremely high intakes of selenium can cause tremors, kidney failure, heart attacks, and heart failure.¹

There really is no recommended intake of Brazil nuts. The recommended dietary intake (RDI) of selenium for a healthy adult is 55 micrograms (mcg). Six to eight Brazil nuts provide 544 mcg, or 989% of the daily value (DV), which exceeds tolerable intake levels for selenium.¹

The soil where Brazil nuts grow can also potentially contain soil contaminants like barium. This means they can have two to three times the amount of barium compared to cashews, peanuts, and walnuts.¹⁴ Studies are mixed on how barium in Brazil nuts can impact humans. The potential for these contaminants may be yet another reason to limit your intake.

Tips for Consuming Brazil Nuts

It's always best to talk to a healthcare provider before adding Brazil nuts to your diet. It also may be helpful to get a blood test to check your selenium levels, especially if you are concerned yours are low. A healthcare provider can advise you on whether Brazil nuts are right for you and how much you should eat per day.

Here are some different ways you can prepare Brazil nuts:

• Chop the nuts and add them to a salad or stir-fry to add some flavor while still watching the portion size
• Eat them raw or roast them in the oven
• Roast the nuts to add flavor, decrease the risk of fungal contamination, and make them more digestible

Activating Brazil nuts in water or salt water has become a popular trend. Some claim that activating the nuts makes them more digestible, increases the bioavailability of their nutrients, and deactivates enzyme inhibitors. Soaking foods is supported for foods like beans, legumes, grains, or seeds. Some evidence suggests that these soaking methods for nuts have shown only minimal effects.¹⁵

Brazil nuts are also generally well-tolerated in the gut, whether or not you soak them. You can add just one Brazil nut a day to your diet with a meal of your choice, steadily increasing to about three per day.

A Quick Review

Brazil nuts are a rich source of selenium, an antioxidant. Selenium can reduce inflammation, help improve blood sugar regulation, and help with cognition. Eating too many Brazil nuts can lead to selenium toxicity, which has symptoms like diarrhea, nausea, and a metallic taste in the mouth. Limiting intake to about one to three Brazil nuts per day is best.

Talk to a healthcare provider or registered dietitian nutritionist if you're unsure whether Brazil nuts are safe for you.

Sources:

1. Office of Dietary Supplements. Selenium - health professional fact sheet.
2. Chen L, Deng H, Cui H, et al. Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs. Oncotarget. 2017;9(6):7204-7218. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.23208
3. Casanova P, Monleon D. Role of selenium in type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and insulin secretion. World J Diabetes. 2023;14(3):147-158. doi:10.4239/wjd.v14.i3.147
4. Sajjadi SS, Foshati S, Haddadian-Khouzani S, et al. The role of selenium in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human observational and interventional studies. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):1045. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05078-1
5. Ventura M, Melo M, Carrilho F. Selenium and thyroid disease: From pathophysiology to treatment. Int J Endocrinol. 2017;2017:1297658. doi:10.1155/2017/1297658
6. MedlinePlus. Hashimoto's disease (chronic thyroiditis).
7. Knezevic J, Starchl C, Tmava Berisha A, et al. Thyroid-gut-axis: How does the microbiota influence thyroid function? Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1769. doi:10.3390/nu12061769
8. Eom YS, Wilson JR, Bernet VJ. Links between thyroid disorders and glucose homeostasis. Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(2):239-256. doi:10.4093/dmj.2022.0013
9. Godos J, Giampieri F, Micek A, et al. Effect of Brazil nuts on selenium status, blood lipids, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022;11(2):403. doi:10.3390/antiox11020403
10. Ju W, Li X, Li Z, et al. The effect of selenium supplementation on coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2017;44:8-16. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.04.009
11. Zhu H, Yan Y, Jiang Y, et al. Ellagic acid and its anti-aging effects on central nervous system. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(18):10937. doi:10.3390/ijms231810937
12. MedlinePlus. Type 2 diabetes.
13. U.S. Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central: Nuts, brazilnuts, dried, unblanched.
14. da Silva A, Silveira BKS, de Freitas BVM, et al. Effects of regular Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) consumption on health: A systematic review of clinical trials. Foods. 2022;11(18):2925. doi:10.3390/foods11182925
15. Taylor H, Webster K, Gray AR, et al. The effects of 'activating' almonds on consumer acceptance and gastrointestinal tolerance. Eur J Nutr. 2018;57(8):2771-2783. doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1543-7

Important Notice: This article was originally published at www.health.com by Sherri Gordon where all credits are due. Medically reviewed by Kierra Brown, RD. Fact checked by Nick Blackmer.

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